贵州省水城县陡箐乡燃煤污染型地氟病区防控效果观察

A Study on the Prevention Measure Effect of Burning Coal Pollution Epidemic Fluorosis Area in Douqing Town of Shuicheng County in Guizhou

目的：观察贵州省水城县陡箐乡燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒（简称地氟病）重病区综合治理效果。方法：2001年及2015年两次对陡箐乡3所小学8~12岁儿童采用Dean氏法检查氟斑牙及分度,计算氟斑牙检出率、缺损率以及中重度氟斑牙检出率,2015年还对氟斑牙与主食种类（大米或玉米）及民族（汉族或苗族）的关系进行调查。结果：2015年中心小学和茨冲小学8~12岁儿童氟斑牙检出率、缺损率及中重度氟斑牙检出率低于2001年（P〈0.05）;而夹岩小学2015年与2001年8~12岁儿童氟斑牙检出率、缺损率相当,仅中重度氟斑牙检出率2015年低于2001年（P〈0.05）,3所小学8~12岁儿童氟斑牙指数2015均低于2001年（P〈0.05）;2015年调查发现,主食大米的儿童轻度氟斑牙的检出率低于主食玉米者,中心小学和茨冲小学苗族儿童氟斑牙检出率均高于汉族（P〈0.05）;3所小学苗族儿童轻度及轻度以上氟斑牙检出率和缺损率均高于汉族（P〈0.05,P〈0.001）。结论：地氟病重病区陡箐乡8~12岁儿童的氟斑牙检出率和严重程度均显著降低,改炉改灶及健康教育综合治理取得显著效果,但在少数民族乡村还存在地方性氟中毒的危害。

Objective： To investigate prevention measure effect of burning coal pollution epidemic fluorosis area in Douqing town of Shuicheng county in Guizhou. Method： Selecting 8 to 12 years old children, Dean＇s method was adopted to check dental fluorosis to collect dental fluorosis test rate, de- fect rate, and moderate-severe detection rate, further study was carried out in 2015 for the relationship investigation over dental fluorosis and staple food （ rice or corn） and ethnic groups （ HaM or Miao）. Results： Dental fluorosis detection rate in 2015 for 8 to 12 years old children in Cichong primary school concerning dental fluorosis detection rate, defect rate and moderate-severe detection rate were lower than that of 2001 （ P 〈 0.05 ） ; dental fluorosis detection rate and defect rate of Jiayan primary school of 2015 were similar with that of 2015, just the moderate-severe detection rate was lower than 2001 （ P 〈 0.05 ） ; dental fluorosis index of 8 to 12 years old children of three primary schools were low- er than that of 2001 （P 〈 0.05 ）. The 2015 investigation revealed that children consuming staple food like rice held lower dental fluorosis detection rate than those consuming corn, dental fluorosis detection rate of Miao children of Zhongxin and Cichong primary school was higher than Han children（ P 〈 0. 05 ） ;mild and above level dental fluorosis detection rate and defect rate of Miao children of all three schools were higher than Han children （P〈0. 05,P 〈0.001 ）. Conclusion： 8 to 12 years old chil- dren dental fluorosis detection rate and severity level in Douqing town are reduced, oven improvement and health education has achieved the intended goal. However, endemic fluorosis still exists in ethnic group villages.