化学封顶高产棉花株型研究

Study on Plant Type of High Yield Cotton after Chemical Detopping

【目的】明确化学封顶棉花高产的理想株型,为株型塑造提供参考依据,以提高化学封顶剂的使用效果,使化学封顶棉花能够保持稳定高产。【方法】通过田间培育和定点取样,研究人工打顶、化学封顶的低产棉田和高产棉田的株型特征,进行数据分析和产量对比。【结果】化学封顶的高产田封顶效果好,化封后株高增加控制在5 cm以内,而化学封顶一般产田棉花株高增加普遍在5~10 cm;化封后上部主茎节间变短,倒一主茎节间长度不超过3 cm,倒三和倒五主茎节间容易变长,其调控情况对株高影响较大;化学封顶后棉株上部果枝变短,尤其是倒一果枝变化明显;化学封顶的高产田棉株上部结铃高于化学封顶的一般产田,与人工打顶棉田没有差异,主要依靠内围铃,且三桃比例分部合理。【结论】化学封顶高产田的棉花产量比人工打顶的还要高,在合理调控和化学封顶条件下,能够有效控制棉花株高,塑造高产株型,代替人工打顶并实现高产。

[ Objective] The study is to clear ideal what plant type of high yield cotton after chemical detopping is and provide the reference basis for the plant type in order to improve the use of the effect of chem- ical detopping agent, so that the chemical detopping can remain stable high yield cotton. [ Method ] Using field cultivation and fixed- point sampling to study characteristics of low productivity cotton and high yield plant type by artificial and chemical detoppings, then analyzing the data and comparing the production. [ Re- suit] The chemical detopping method displayed good result in high yield cotton. Artificial detopping increased the height by less than 5cm, but chemical one generally increased the height by 5 - 10 cm; after chemical detopping, the main stem of the upper section became shorter, less than 3cm of the last section of the main stem, and the third and fifth sections were easy to become longer. The regulation impacted on the height, and at the cotton upper cap, branches became obliviously shorter after chemical detopping, especially the bottom shoot changed significantly. Boils of high yield cotton by special chemical detopping were more than those in the cotton fields by general chemical treatment. There was no difference in cotton fields comparing by artificial detopping, which only relied mainly on the inner circle bell, and three branches of the bolls were generally in reasonable proportion. [ Conclusion ] The yield of the cotton by chemical detopping was higher than that by artificial detopping and under reasonable control and chemical detopping conditions, it could effectively control the cotton plant height, shape yielding plant type, and realize high yield by replacing artificial one.