新疆棉花补贴政策、存在问题及对策研究

The Analysis of Cotton Subsidy Policies and Its Problems-Take Awati County,Xinjiang for an Example

【目的】以新疆阿瓦提县为例,分析新疆棉花补贴政策、存在的问题及对策。【方法】实地调查阿瓦提县政府、乡政府、村棉农代表、棉花加工企业、棉花贸易企业等相关单位,采用面对面交流、资料(含统计数据)查询、相关文件阅读、问卷等方法,了解阿瓦提县棉花补贴政策的落实情况及存在的问题。【结果】现有补贴政策对新疆棉花发展的促进和棉农收入的提高作用是肯定的,但现有补贴政策程序复杂、工作量大、成本高目标价格补贴操作难、纠纷多,补贴资金发放不及时,补贴资源分配不公,补贴政策及配套管理措施不完善,以及收储政策导致国内纺织业萎缩,高价补贴不利于构建棉花产业的市场化调节机制。【结论】简化程序,提前发放,构建补贴政策制定、落实与监督互动机制,做好补贴政策落实的前期准备工作,完善补贴法制化建设。调低棉花目标价格,加大"绿箱"补贴水平,具体补贴方案应对大、小户棉农采取补贴标准差别化管理、有利于促进社会稳定,和提高补贴资源分配公开、公平,以现代化农场管理模式为发展方向,降低生产成本,锁定补贴目标,确保提高我国棉产业整体市场竞争力。

【Objective】Awati County,Xinjiang Taken as an example,Xinjiang cotton policy and existing problems of Xinjiang cotton subsidy policy has been analyzed in order to suggest countermeasure which might be taken. 【Method】In Awati County,the township government,village,cotton processing enterprises,the cotton trade enterprises and other relevant units were all investigated. Through face to face communication,data research（ including statistics） and reading some relevant documents questionnaire to understand the cotton subsidy policy and the existing problems in Awati County for suggesting some practical countermeasures to solve the problems.【Result】The subsidy policy and the effects of subsidy scheme were clear and definite. The effect of subsidies in promoting the cotton development and increasing farmers ＇ income is obvious,but somesubsidy problems existed,which were： the subsidy programs were complex and difficult,and brought about many disputes. For example,the payment of subsidies was not timely and the subsidy policy environment was less transparent and lacked legal basis. And what was more,the distribution of subsidies resources was unfair,which caused widening gap between the rich and the poor. The subsidy policy and supporting measures were not perfect,either. The state finances wasted a lot of money,which exerted greater burden on state finances.Purchasing and storage policy led to the shrink of textile industry. High- price subsidies were not conducive to the construction of cotton industry market regulation mechanism,so the overall competitiveness of cotton industry was weakened significantly. 【Conclusion】The subsidy programs should be simplified,the payment of subsidies should be completed early. The interactive mechanism of subsidy policy formulation,implementation and supervision would have to be constructed. The preparatory work for the implementation of subsidy policy should be done beforehand,and the construction of subsidy legal system improved.. According to the WTO commitments,the cotton target price will be lowered and the green box policy of subsidy programs will be developed. The different subsidy standard will be established based on large and small farmers. The social stability will be promoted,and the distribution of subsidy resources will be open and fair. The production cost should reduced in modern farm management mode for the direction of development and the subsidies target locked. It is certain that the overall competitiveness of China＇s cotton industries will be improved finally.