水稻常规种与杂交种产量性状的对比分析

Comparison of Yield Traits Between Conventional Rice and Hybrid Rice

产量性状改良一直是水稻育种的第一目标,在杂交稻选配成功后的二十多年里所推出数量众多的杂交稻品种的单产潜力没有明显超过早期培育出来的水稻品种,而常规育种由于新种质资源的不断拓展与应用,其产量不断得到提高,部分常规稻品种的产量水平超出杂交水稻。为明确常规稻与杂交稻品种的产量差异性,重新评价和定位常规稻品种。以相同遗传背景的常规稻与杂交稻组合为比较对象,比较分析了12个组合的产量及其相关性状。研究结果显示,12组常规稻与杂交稻的的对比试验中,杂交种产量明显高于常规种的占总数的41.7%,常规种产量高于杂交种的占16.6%,二者产量差异不明显的占总数的41.7%。部分常规品种在产量上与同类型杂交稻产量相当甚至高于杂交稻,这为常规稻的遗传育种及其推广应用提供了理论参考。

Yield improvement has been the primary goal of rice breeding, the yield potential of more and morehybrid rice varieties is not significantly higher than that of the early cultivated rice varieties, but the yield ofconventional varieties has been improved constantly as new germplasm resources have been developed andapplied, and the yield of some conventional rice varieties is higher than that of hybrid rice. For specification ofyield difference between conventional rice and hybrid rice, and reposition conventional rice varieties, thisstudy compared conventional rice and hybrid rice with the same genetic background, and analyzed the yieldand its related traits of 12 combinations. The results showed that among the 12 comparison test groups betweenthe conventional rice and hybrid rice, the hybrid rice varieties with significantly higher yield than theconventional ones accounted for 41.7%, conventional rice varieties with higher yield than the hybrid onesaccounted for 16.6%, and the yield difference being not obvious between the two accounted for 41.7% of thetotal. Part of the conventional varieties had the same yield or even higher yield compared with the same typehybrid rice. The study could provide a theoretical reference for the conventional genetic breeding and itspopularization and application.