生化试剂对机插水稻生长发育特征的影响

Effect of Biochemical Reagents on Mechanical-transplanting Rice

为了给机插水稻抗逆高产栽培提供实践参考,以‘南粳9108’为材料,通过始穗期喷施劲丰(1.5 L/hm2)、碧护(60 g/hm2)、矮壮丰(675 g/hm2)、磷酸二氢钾(750 g/hm2)、赤霉酸(15 g/hm2)处理的方法,研究不同生化试剂对毯苗机插和钵苗机插水稻倒伏、株型及生育期的影响。结果表明,劲丰和赤霉酸分别将抽穗历期推迟和延长1天。赤霉酸显著增加株高、穗下节间长度和重心高度,增加倒伏风险。矮壮丰、碧护、磷酸二氢钾不影响抽穗历期,通过增加基部节间充实,降低重心高度,提高植株抗倒能力。生化试剂对同种机插方式水稻全生育期、穗长、剑叶鞘长无影响,钵苗机插较毯苗同期播栽成熟期迟2天,有利于充分利用温光资源促进灌浆结实和培育壮秆大穗。钵苗机插水稻易于实现稳定高产,矮壮丰、碧护、磷酸二氢钾能有效缓解异常气候不利影响,生产中应加快研究推广应用。

In order to offer practical references for resistant and high yield cultivation of mechanical-transplanting rice, we used‘Nanjing 9108’as the experimental material and set different treatments by spraying 1.5 L/hm2 Jingfeng, 60 g/hm2 Bihu, 675 g/hm2 Aizhuangfeng, 750 g/hm2 potassium dihydrogenphosphate, 15 g/hm2 gibberellic acid to study the effects of these biochemical reagents on the rice lodgingresistance, plant types and growth period of blanket seedling mechanical- transplanting and nutrition bowlmechanical-transplanting. The results showed that the heading period was delayed one day and prolonged oneday by using Jingfeng and gibberellic acid respectively. Gibberellic acid could significantly increase plantheight, internodes length below the ear and height of gravity center, which were easy to cause the lodging.Aizhuangfeng, Bihu and potassium dihydrogen phosphate did not affect the heading period, they improved theplant lodging resistance ability by means of increasing basal internode filling and reducing height of gravitycenter. All reagents had no effect on mechanical- transplanting rice’s whole growth period, ear length andsword leaf sheath length. The mature date of nutrition bowl mechanical-transplanting rice was two days laterthan that of blanket seedling mechanical- transplanting rice, which was conducive to grain filling andcultivating strong stalk and large spike by making full use of temperature and light resources. Bowlmechanical- transplanting rice tended to achieve stable high yield, and some biochemical reagents such asAizhuangfeng, Bihu and potassium dihydrogen phosphate could effectively alleviate adverse impact from theabnormal climate, so it should be applied more widely and quickly in practical production.