双季稻区长期不同施肥管理对大麦干物质积累及产量的影响

Impacts of Different Long-term Fertilizer Managements on Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Barley in Double Cropping Rice Field

为探明双季稻区不同施肥制度对大麦干物质积累及产量的影响,以‘通0306’和‘蒙啤麦1号’为材料,采用田间小区试验方法,系统比较研究了30%有机肥＋70%化肥、60%有机肥＋40%化肥和无肥3种施肥制度对大麦干物质积累及产量的影响。结果表明,大麦主要生育期,单株根系、茎干物质和地上部分干重均表现为60%有机肥〉30%有机肥〉无肥;分蘖期至成熟期,各处理间大麦单株根系和茎干重差异均达显著水平。叶、穗均表现为60%有机肥〉30%有机肥〉无肥,60%有机肥和30%有机肥处理均显著高于对照。分蘖期到成熟期,根系干重占总干物质量的比例为无肥〉30%有机肥〉60%有机肥,穗干重比例为30%有机肥〉60%有机肥〉无肥;拔节期到成熟期,茎的比例均以60%有机肥处理最高;叶干物质比例在成熟期为无肥〉60%有机肥〉30%有机肥。大麦主要生育期,30%有机肥和60%有机肥处理大麦叶片SPAD值均显著高于无肥处理;成熟期,各处理间差异达显著水平。大麦各生育期,各处理大麦单株叶面积表现为60%有机肥〉30%有机肥〉无肥。各施肥处理大麦产量表现为60%有机肥〉30%有机肥〉无肥,分别比无肥增产717.45~721.15 kg/hm2和756.45~782.05 kg/hm2。说明不同施肥制度大麦干物质积累和产量有各自特征,有机肥与化肥配施处理植株干物质总量大而且分配合理,有利于改善产量构成因素,增加大麦产量。

To explore the characteristics of dry matter accumulation and yield of barley（Hordaum vulgare L.）with different long-term fertilizer treatments in the double cropping rice system, based on field experiment, theauthor took‘Tong 0306’and‘Mengpimai 1’as the test materials and analyzed dry matter accumulation andgrain yield of barley under three fertilization treatments, including 30% organic matter plus 70% mineralfertilizer（LOM）, 60% organic matter plus 40% mineral fertilizer（HOM）, and no fertilizer（CK）. The results showed that the root, stem and shoot dry weight per plant were in an order of HOM〉LOM〉CK at the maingrowth stages of barley. Meanwhile, there were significant differences in root and stem dry weight per plantamong HOM, LOM and CK from tillering stage to mature stage. The leaf and panicle dry weight per plant werein an order of HOM〉LOM〉CK at the main growth stages of barley. Furthermore, the leaf and panicle dryweight of barley with HOM and LOM were significantly higher than that with CK at the main growth stages ofbarley. For the dry matter weight ratio of root and shoot to total plant, there were significant differences amongthe three fertilizer managements at the main growth stages of barley. The dry matter weight ratio of root andpanicle to total plant from tillering stage to mature stage was in an order of CK〉LOM〉HOM, and LOM〉HOM〉CK. The dry matter weight ratio of stem to total plant with HOM was higher than that of the othertreatments at the main growth stages of barley. The dry matter weight ratio of leaf to total plant was in an orderof CK〉HOM〉LOM at mature stage. In addition, the leaf SPAD of barley of HOM and LOM was significantlyhigher than that of CK at the main growth stages of barley. And there were significant differences among HOM,LOM and CK at mature stage. Meanwhile, the leaf area for different fertilizer managements was HOM〉LOM〉CK at the main growth stages of barley. Yield of barley with different fertilizer managements was significantlydifferent, and that of HOM was the highest, while that of CK was the lowest. Compared with CK, the yield ofLOM and HOM increased by 717.45- 721.15 and 756.45- 782.05 kg/hm2, indicating that the dry matteraccumulation and yield of barley with different fertilizer managements had their own characteristics. As aresult, the experiment indicated that organic matter plus mineral fertilizer had significantly higher total drymatter accumulation and its reasonable distribution, improved yield components, and increased yield of barley.