稻草还田与移栽方式对油菜产量形成及经济效益的影响

Effects of Rice Straw Returning and Transplanting Methods on Rape Yield and Economic Benefit

研究不同轻简移栽方式下,油菜产量及其农艺性状的差异,可为研制适合太湖地区稻茬油菜轻简化移栽新技术提供理论依据。以‘苏油6号’为研究材料,设置不同稻草还田量(A1:稻草全量还田;A2:稻草不还田)与不同移栽方式(B1:机械起垄摆栽;B2:免耕穴栽),研究其对产量、产量构成及农艺性状的影响,并分析其省工节本情况及经济效益。结果表明:稻草全量还田下,油菜每角粒数、千粒重、主花序长度、一、二次有效分枝数、抗逆性等性状均优于稻草不还田,最终使产量增加。机械起垄摆栽油菜二次有效分枝数和单株角果数高于免耕穴栽,从而使产量显著增加;同时机械起垄摆栽有利于通风透光,还可显著提高油菜抗逆性,促进了油菜的高产稳产。与免耕穴栽相比,机械起垄摆栽实现了节本18%,纯收益增加3750元/hm2,投入产出比达1:1.58。稻草全量还田下机械起垄摆栽技术能显著提高油菜种植效益,有效缓解油菜移栽劳动力紧张,适合在太湖流域稻油两熟制耕作地区推广应用。

In order to provide theoretical basis for new simplified transplanting techniques in the rice stubblerape field in Taihu Lake areas, the differences in yield and agronomic traits of rape under different simplifiedtransplanting methods were studied. The author studied the influences of 2 amounts of rice straw returning（A1：all rice straw returned to soil; A2： no rice straw returned to soil） and 2 transplanting methods（B1： mechanicalridging swing planting; B2： no tillage hole planting） on the yield, yield components, agronomic traits of‘Suyou6’and analyzed the saving of labour and cost and economic benefit. The results showed that compared to norice straw returning, the grain number of per pod, 1000-grain weight, length of main inflorescence, number ofprimary and secondary branches and stress resistance of rape under all rice straw returning were increased,leading to an increase in yield. The mechanical ridging swing planting achieved more primary or secondaryeffective branches and pods of per plant than no tillage hole planting, significantly increased the yield.Meanwhile, the mechanical ridging swing planting could help aeration and photopenetration, and also significantly improve the stress resistance and high and stable yield. Compared to the no tillage hole planting,the mechanical ridging swing planting could achieve an abridgement of 18% and net income increased by3750 yuan/hm2; the ratio of input to output was 1：1.58. The mechanical ridging swing planting techniques withall rice straw returning could significantly increase the planting benefit and effectively relieve the labor tensionin transplanting, which was suitable for popularization and application in Taihu Lake areas.