不同生物降解地膜对花生光合特性和产量的影响

Effects of Different Biodegradable Films Mulching on the Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Peanut

为探讨生物降解地膜的控温控水效应及对花生生长发育和产量的影响,进行了4种全生物降解地膜、普通地膜与不覆盖地膜的对比试验。结果表明:地膜覆盖均优于不覆膜处理。生物降解地膜Q2降解速度过快,其他生物降解地膜降解期适宜。生物降解地膜Q3更利于花生的光合特性和产量的形成,效果优于普通地膜;Q4与普通地膜相近,效果略差于普通地膜;Q1、Q2 2种地膜效果差于普通地膜。生物降解地膜降解期适中,能达到与普通地膜相似的保温保墒效果,在提高叶绿素含量,叶片净光合速率,延缓叶片衰老方面优于普通地膜处理。Q3、Q4 2种生物降解地膜能满足花生不同生育期对土壤温度、水分的需要,前期增温保水,后期降温增渗,促进光合作用,并且可以减少白色污染,减轻对土壤性质的破坏,生态效益和经济效益良好,具有广阔的应用前景。

In order to explore the effect of biodegradable films on soil water and temperature and the growthand yield of peanut, a contrast experiment on four kinds of biodegradable film, common plastic film and noplastic film was carried out. The results showed that mulching was better than no mulching treatment. Thedegradation speed of biodegradable film Q2 was too fast, degradation periods of other kinds of biodegradablefilm were suitable. Biodegradable film Q3 was more conducive to the formation of the growth and yield ofpeanut, and its effect was better than common plastic film. Q4 was similar to the ordinary plastic film, the effectwas slightly inferior to that of the ordinary plastic film, effects of film Q1 and Q2 were worse than that of theordinary plastic film. Biodegradable film had moderate degradation period, and could achieve similar effect asthe ordinary plastic film in retaining temperature and humidity. Biodegradable film was better than theordinary plastic film in increasing chlorophyll SPAD of peanut, photosynthetic rate（Pn） of leaf and delayingleaf senescence. In conclusion, biodegradable film Q3 and Q4, with suitable degradation period, could satisfythe need of soil temperature and moisture for peanut in different growth stags. In the early stage, they couldincrease temperature and contain water; in the later stage, they could lower the temperature and increase the penetration of moisture and promote the photosynthesis. In addition, they could reduce the white pollution andthe damage of soil properties, had good ecological and economic benefits and broad application prospects.