农户采用测土配方肥行为的影响因素分析──以山东省平原县为例

Analysis of Influencing Factors on Farmers' Adoption of Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization──Based on Survey Data of Pingyuan County of Shandong Province

为了研究农户采用测土配方肥情况及影响因素,为促进测土配方施肥技术的实施提供参考,笔者利用山东省粮食主产区平原县的142户农户调查问卷数据,进行表观及交互表法统计分析。结果显示,当地农业生产中测土配方施肥技术农户采用比例仅为38%。从采用配方肥的影响因素看,男性采用配方肥的比例明显高于女性,年龄越大采用配方肥的比例越低。文化程度越高、有过村干部和经常在外打工经历的农民越倾向于采用配方肥。同时经营耕地面积越大、种植业收入占总收入比例越大的农户越倾向于采用配方肥。而政府对于测土配方施肥技术的宣传力度、示范户的设置、施肥卡的发放、配方肥销售点的分布都对农户采用配方肥的行为有着促进作用,其中通过人际传播获取的信息对于农户采用该项技术起到了决策作用,而是否设置有配方肥销售点则为当地农户采用配方肥最为关键的因素。从市场环境因素看,普通肥料销售点分布密集,肥料供应品种众多,肥料销售商之间竞争激烈,是影响农户测土配方肥采用的客观因素。笔者最后简要分析了施肥现状的相关原因并据此提出了相应的对策建议。

In order to study the influencing factors on soil testing and formulated fertilizer（STFF） usage andprovide reference for the development of relevant technique, statistical analysis was made according to 142 valid rural residents’ questionnaires from Pingyuan County in Shandong Province. The results showed that theapplication proportion of STFF was only 38%. From the aspect of influencing factors, male farmers had a higher application proportion of STFF than female. The elder had a lower application proportion. People, whowere well- educated or had experience of village cadres and working outside, tended to choose STFF.Application proportion of formulated fertilizer increased with the increase of the area of farmland or theproportion of farming income in total income. The government powerful publicity, demonstration householdssetting, distribution of fertilization card and wide distribution of sale points all could improve the behavior ofSTFF. Information transmission between farmers was the crucial factor, and whether there were local salepoints of formulated fertilizer was the key factor. From the aspect of market environment, the intensivelydistributed retail points of ordinary fertilizer, numerous varieties of fertilizer products and fierce competitionbetween dealers were the objective factors on farmers’ adoption of STFF. In the end, the related causes offertilization situation were analyzed and corresponding suggestions were proposed in this paper.