新常态对我国旅游企业转型的启示

The Enlightenment of the "New Normal" to Tourism Enterprises' Transformation in China

基于中国经济新常态、旅游业发展新常态的思路,运用全局空间自相关指数、DEA—Malmquist指数法分析把握我国旅游企业新常态时空变化特征。研究表明:我国旅游企业应对外部环境变化惯常采用的数量规模控制与空间战略布局调整的方式将难以为继,新常态背景下的转型需依靠全要素生产率的增长来驱动。经测度发现,2001—2012年我国省域旅游企业全要素生产率呈现总体增长的态势,大多数省区旅游企业的效率变化以下降为主要特征,而技术变化实现全部增长。为适应新常态、实现成功转型,一方面需要依靠人事管理制度的变革突破旅游企业效率的制约;另一方面要依靠高度的产业融合取得技术进步,推动旅游企业全要素生产率的增长。

Based on the ＂new normal＂ of China＇ s economy and tourism development, the article uses global spatial autocorrelation and DEA-Malmquist index to analyze the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the ＂new normal＂ for tourism enterprises in our country. The research shows that controlling quantity scale and adjusting spatial strategic layout, which are the measures taken in response to the changes of external environment, are difficult to work. With the ＂new normal＂, the tourism enterprises＇ transformation needs to rely on being driven by the growth of the total factor productivity. The paper has found that the tourism enterprises＇ total factor productivity has been growing from2001 to 2012, efficiency change of the tourism enterprises of most provinces has decreased, but technical change has shown overall growth. In order to adapt to the ＂new normal＂ and make the successful transformation, it is necessary to rely on personnel management reform to get rid of the efficiency restrictions; it is also necessary to rely on the high-level industry integration to achieve technical progress, which can promote the growth of the total factor productivity.