消极保险利益理论的突破与创新——论一种非以法律责任为保险标的的消极保险利益

The Breakthrough and Innovation of the Negative Insurable Interest Theory——On a kind of Negative Insurable Interest without the Legal Liability as the Insurance Object

长期以来,学界在论及消极保险利益时,往往仅将其与"法律责任"相联系,从而容易使人产生消极保险利益即"责任利益"的误判。然而,通过对Technical Land,Inc.v.Firemen's Ins.Co.案的研究分析可以发现,实际生活中还存在一种不涉及法律责任,而是以当事人因事实强制而对有关责任的负担为标的的消极保险利益。如果在分析了保险利益的一般原理之后,通过论证除"法律强制"之外,消极保险利益中的"强制"被证明还包括了"事实强制",那么一种全新的消极保险利益理论框架就可以建立起来,并且在这样的新框架下,医疗费用保险可以被证明是一种保障消极保险利益的财产保险,由此解决了长期以来医疗保险是人身保险,抑或又具财产保险之困惑。

For a long time, when talking about the negative insurable interest , scholars often simply associ-ate it with the concept of ＂legal liability＂and it is easy to make us wonder if the negative insurable interest is e-qual to the ＂liability interest＂.But according to the analysis of the ＂Technical Land, Inc.v.Firemen＇s Ins. Co.＂, we can find that there is a new type of negative insurable interest which doesn＇t involve the legal liability but takes the burden of the relevant liabilities imposed by factual compelling force as the insurance subject .Therefore , after figuring out the fundamental mechanisms of the insurable interest and proving that besides the ＂legal compel-ling force＂, a＂factual compelling force＂can be found in the system of the ＂compelling force＂of the negative insurable interest, a brand new system of the negative insurable interest theory can be set up .Furthermore, ac-cording to this new theory , the medical fee insurance can be proved as a kind of property insurance involving a negative insurable interest .Thus, the puzzle that whether the medical fee insurance is a kind of personal insurance or property insurance can be finally solved .