液氨泄漏事故预防与应急对策研究

STUDY ON THE PREVENTION AND EMERGENCY DISPOSAL OF LEAKAGE ACCIDENT OF LIQUID AMMONIA

随着国民经济和化学工业的飞速发展,作为重要基础化工原料和制冷剂的液氨(氨水)被广泛应用于化肥、塑料、制药、合成材料、冷库及石油化工等行业中。由于其独特的理化性质和极端的使用条件,在运输、使用、储存过程中易造成泄漏事故的发生。针对液氨的独特理化性质,对液氨泄漏危险特性进行分析,并在此基础上提出了液氨泄漏事故预防和应急处置的具体措施,为企业预防液氨泄漏事故发生和应急处置提供参考。

With the rapid development of our national economy and chemical industry,liquid ammonia( ammonium hydroxide),as an important fundamental chemical material and refrigerant,has been widely applied in such industries as fertilizer,plastic,pharmacy,synthetic materials,refrigeration storage and petrochemical engineering. However,because of the unique physicochemical property and the extreme conditions for use of liquid ammonia,special attention shall be paid to liquid ammonia during its transportation,application and storage. If there is lack of knowledge of liquid ammonia,improper handling of it or even illegal operation,leakage accidents will occur frequently. This will cause heavy losses for people's lives and properties. According to the unique physicochemical property of liquid ammonia,this paper analyzes the hazardous characteristics of liquid ammonia. Based on this,the paper puts forward specific measures for the prevention of liquid ammonia leakage accidents and emergency response to them,thereby providing reference for enterprises to prevent liquid ammonia leakage accidents and dispose emergent leakage of liquid ammonia.