西门豹首创漳水十二渠考辨

A Study on the Ximen Bao＇s Building of the Twelve Canals of Zhang Water

漳水十二渠在先秦两汉文献中存在较大问题,首先“十二渠”有“引河水”和“引漳水”的不同说法,其次其首创者也有两说,或云魏文侯时的西门豹,或云魏襄王时的史起。考察漳水与河水的关系及十二渠在后世的兴废,可以肯定漳水因为曾注入河水,有时也可称为“河”,“引河水”即是“引漳水”,其首创者应据《史记·滑稽列传》和《河渠书》记载,归功于西门豹,《吕氏春秋》中史起之事可信,而其言不足为据。“漳水十二渠”当为西门豹首创,而史起有疏决重修之功。

There has been a problematic issue within the texts of the Qin -Han periods about the twelve canals of Zhang water. First, there is debate over the water of the ＂twelve canals＂： it either＂ diverts water from the River＂or＂diverts water from the Zhang [ river]. ＂Secondly,there is a debate over the original builder of the canals： it is either the Ximen Bao during the time of Lord Wen of Wei, or the Shi Qi during the time of Prince Xiang of Wei. Through a study of the relationship between the Zhang water and the River water, along with the rise and fall of the twelve canals in later times, it is certain that the Zhang water was once diverted into the River water,thus the＂water from the Riv- er＂ is also the＂ water from the Zhang. ＂As for the original builder, it is recorded as Ximen Bao in the Records of the Grand Historian and the Book of Canals, but according to LU＇s Spring and Autumn Annals, the story of Shi Qi is less reliable. Ximen Bao first built the twelve canals, and Shi Qi repaired and re -established them.