史记对“赵氏孤儿”的选择与改写

The Rewriting to＂ the Orphan of Zhao Family＂ by＂ Shi Ji＂

“赵氏孤儿”故事在流传的过程中经历过几次重大改写,其中渗透着深厚的文化、历史原因。而《史记·赵世家》从“下宫之难”到“赵氏孤儿”的改写是其源头,是后世各种版本流变的基础。《史记》版本的“赵氏孤儿”应是本自“战国传说”,是赵氏立国后对家族历史美化和文饰的后果,而司马迁、刘向搁置“下宫之难”信史,选择且承认这种传说,并对传说进行进一步细致化与可信度的提升,应与汉代时代风气、公羊家学说盛行等因素有关。

There are some key rewriting of the story＂ the Orphan of Zhao Family＂ during its spread, on the bases of certain cultural and historical factors. However, the beginning of the rewriting is the book＂ Shi Ji＂, in which the event＂ the disaster of Xiagong＂ is replaced by the story＂ the Orphan of Zhao Family＂. This rewriting by＂ Shi Ji＂ should have been based on the tales in the Warring States - the tales that were embellished by Zhao Family after the establishment of their own country. Sima Qian and Liu Xiang chose these tales ands refined them while had the real event in history left, which can be explained from the air of Han Dynasty and the popularity of Gong Yang School during that time.