中国作物种业科学技术发展的评述

A Review on Advances in Science and Technology in Chinese Seed Industry

《国务院关于加快推进现代农作物种业发展的意见》提出构建以产业为主导、企业为主体、"育繁推一体化"的现代农作物种业体系,全面提升中国农作物种业发展水平。国内外种业的发展推动了种业科学的形成和发展。种业科学是围绕"育繁推一体化"种业产业发展而形成的科学技术学科类群,作物遗传育种是其中的一部分,它和种子生产的理论与技术、种子示范和营销的理论与技术构成了种业科学技术的主体,在相应的遗传、生理、信息技术、政策法规等学科知识的配合下成为相对集中的学科体系。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中。文章在回顾作物育种科学技术进展包括传统的作物育种科学技术和现时分子生物育种研究热点的基础上,归纳出现时重要的8个育种理论和技术问题,继而回顾了作物种子生产和示范推广科学技术的进展,并在此基础上探讨了中国种业科学技术发展的策略和建议。提出要围绕种业发展的需求,建成相对完整的种业科学技术学科体系;要顶层设计,建设成企业种业科技和公益性种业科技两支相互补充、相互配合的种业科学技术研发力量;要优先研究和解决种业发展中的重大科学技术问题,其中包括规模化育种技术,资源富集、遗传解析与创新,常规育种的分子辅助技术,转基因育种与安全技术,品种区域适应性试验制度与品种审定制度的完善,配齐种业基础性公益性研究并确立种子生产标准化体系,加强作物杂优化研发使杂种化成为中国未来种业的特色等。

In the suggestions on speeding up the Development of the Modern Crop Seed Industry, the State Council called for the establishment of a modern crop seed industry with an integrated cultivar development, seed production and seed extension system for the enhancement of Chinese seed industry. The growth of international and domestic seed industry has promoted the formation and development of the seed industry science and technology. The seed industry science and technology is a group of sciences and technologies related to the integrated cultivar development, seed production and seed extension system as well as their neighboring sciences and technologies, such as genetics, plant physiology, information techniques, seed laws and rules, etc. The seed industry science and technology in China is on the way at its beginning and development. The present paper summarized a group of key theoretical and technological issues in plant breeding anxiously to be explored for current seed industry based on a review on the advances in conventional plant breeding and on the hot topics in molecular biological breeding as well as in seed production and extension sciences and technologies. Accordingly, strategies and suggestions were presented for the development of seed science and technology in China. They are the establishment of the whole system of disciplinary sciences and technologies related to seed industry, establishment of the two groups of scientists and technologists, one from seed company side, another from public side, with them co-operated each other, and the seven research priorities to solve the urgent problems in Chinese seed industry, including technology system for large scale breeding programs, genetic dissection and enhancement of germplasm collection, molecular assistance of conventional breeding procedures, enhanced transgenic breeding and safety technology, improvement of regional testing system and cultivar certification, establishment of a standardization system of seed production, hybridization of the seed industry in China.