中国水稻高产栽培技术创新与实践

Innovation and Practice of High-Yield Rice Cultivation Technology in China

水稻是中国主要粮食作物,也是单产最高的粮食作物。文章利用中国农业统计年鉴数据和国内外文献资料,分析了中国水稻高产栽培技术创新与实践的成功经验、存在问题和稻作技术发展趋势。探讨了中国水稻生产经历的4个阶段的特点,良种良法配套对水稻增产的贡献,不同阶段创新的稻作技术;简述了全球水稻栽培技术发展的特点;回顾了中国矮秆品种、杂交稻及超级稻品种更替及其配套栽培技术创新;剖析了水稻高产栽培存在的新问题;对水稻高产栽培技术的未来发展进行了展望。创新与品种生育特性配套的水稻种植制度、生产模式和环境协调的栽培技术,发挥品种产量潜力和应用,可以实现增产增效,促进水稻产业发展,改善生态环境和提高资源利用效益。

Rice is a staple grain crop in China and also the highest yielding one in grain crops. Using Chinese agricultural statistical data and the literature, this paper analyzed the successful experience of innovation and practice, problems and development trend in high-yield cultivation technology in rice, the characteristics of four periods of rice production in China, the contribution of supporting cultivation technology for variety to yield increase, and high-yield cultivation techniques developed in different periods. The characteristics of rice cultivation technology in world are briefly expounded. Supporting cultivation technology for dwarf varieties, hybrid rice, and super rice in the evolution of rice variety and rice industry development was reviewed. The current problems of high yielding cultivation of rice was analyzed. The development of high-yield rice cultivation technology was also discussed. Innovation of supporting cultivation technology based on the growth characteristics of new variety, rice cropping system, rice production models, and ecological environment exploits yield potential of variety and realizes the increase of yield and profit, promotes the development of the rice industry, and improves the environment and raises the efficiency of resource utilization.