大数据推动农业现代化应用研究

Application Research on Big Data Promote Agricultural Modernization

中国农业发展面临资源环境约束日益趋紧,农产品国内外市场"双重挤压",农业稳产、农民增收困难等严峻挑战,亟需转型升级、优化结构和提质增效。大数据作为一种与材料和能源一样重要的新型战略资源,在生产要素耦合、农业系统协同等方面发挥着重要作用,正成为驱动农业现代化发展的重要力量。目前,大数据技术在农业信息获取、分析处理和综合服务等方面取得了多方面的研究进展,并在精准生产决策、食品安全保障、消费需求挖掘和市场贸易引导等方面开始应用。面对当前及未来一段时期内农业转型升级的艰巨性和漫长性,应该建立大数据技术创新与组织创新的双重驱动机制。技术上,重点加强数据科学与农业科学交叉融合,夯实现代农业基准数据基础,快速突破适农智能模型分析处理技术以及推动数据服务持续创新;组织上,树立数据意识,加强数据立法,完善数据顶层治理结构,尤其要处理好数据安全与数据开放共享等关系。

Chinese agriculture is facing increasing challenges： the constraints of resources and the environment is increasingly tightening, the price difference between domestic and international markets is enlarging, and the growth in agriculture output and farmers＇ income is becoming hard to achieve. So, Chinese agriculture has a urgent need of transformation and upgrading, optimizing the structure, and improving the quality and efficiency. Big data, as a strategic resource such as material and energy, which plays an important role in the production factors coupling, collaboration, and other aspects of agricultural systems, is becoming an important driving power of agricultural modernization development. At present, big data technology has made progress in agricultural information acquisition, analysis, processing, services, and applied in the precise production decision, food security, mining consumer＇s demand, guide trade and market. Facing the difficulties of agriculture transformation and upgrading, both of technology innovation and organization innovation need to be formed. On the one hand, developing a data cross fusion, laying solid foundation of modern agricultural benchmark data, breaking an agricultural intelligent model analysis processing system and development and promoting the continuous innovation in data service; On the other hand, setting up data consciousness, strengthening legislation, and improving the governance structure on top of the data, in particular, to deal with data security and data sharing.