车床主轴毛坯的摆辗成形新工艺探讨

Discussion on the new process of rotary forging for lathe spindle blank

传统车床主轴毛坯锻造工艺采用杆部拔长法,这种传统工艺在能源和材料上浪费较大,加工困难且生产效率低。为优化车床主轴毛坯锻造工艺,提出采用端部局部锻造法的新工艺对主轴法兰部分进行局部锻造成形:以厚壁无缝钢管为原始坯料,经过下料——管端局部加热——油压机端部聚料——最终模锻成形法兰。新工艺根据模锻成形选用的设备不同可以分为平锻工艺方案和摆动辗压工艺方案两种,对比分析两种方案的成形力和设备成本,优先采用摆动辗压工艺方案。通过对摆辗新工艺经济效益的定量计算发现,新工艺比传统工艺每年可节约成本192万元。研究结果表明,摆辗新工艺可有效降低成形力,提高产品组织性能,降低劳动强度,具有经济可行性。

The traditional lathe spindle blank forging process is to use the rod part stretching method. It is of the large waste of energy and materials,processing difficulty and low production efficiency. To optimize the lathe spindle forging process,a local forging method on forming the spindle flange was proposed. The processing was as follows： thick wall seamless steel pipe for the initial blank—heating the end part of a steel pipe—gathering the end part of the materials by hydraulic press—die forging the flange. According to the selected equipments,the new forging process could be divided into horizontal forging process and rotary forging process. Comparing their forming force and equipment cost,rotary forging process was selected. Based on its quantitative economic benefit calculation,it is found that the new process can save 1. 92 million yuan per year. The results show that rotary forging process can reduce the forming force,improve the microstructure and properties of products and reduce labor intensity,and it has economic feasibility.