产业政策与金融:台湾地区发展经验

Industrial Policy and Finance: The Experience of Taiwan's Development

后进国家或地区常藉由产业政策推动经济发展,但产业政策是否能有效执行,政治基础的支持与金融体系的配合至关重要。文章先由"发展型国家"理论的文献着手,梳理出产业、金融与政治三者的密切关系,再从台湾地区的发展经验出发,说明公权力部门是如何运用金融体系推动产业发展。在20世纪80年代中期以前,由于实行威权统治与金融管制,台湾地区当局遂能排除社会的干扰,将资金引导至计划发展之产业,从而主导了工业化的发展。在20世纪80年代中期以后,随着台湾地区政治民主化与金融自由化的发展,商业利益开始介入政策过程,企业取得资金的渠道也日渐多元,公权力部门主导产业发展的能力减弱,由主导逐渐转变为协调与配合的角色。

In the last developing countries or areas,public authorities often promote economic development through industrial policy.The effectiveness of industrial policy depends on political support and cooperation of the financial system. This article begins with the literatures of developmental state theory to find out the close relationship among industry,finance and politics,and then explains how the government applies financial system to promote industrial development from the experience of Taiwan. Before mid-1980 s,Taiwan practiced authoritarian rule and financial control. The administration could eliminate interventions from society,introduce funds to planned industries,and guide industrialization. After mid-1980 s,political democratization and financial liberalization unfolded in Taiwan. Commercial interests began to intervene in the policy process,and enterprises could obtain funds from diverse ways. These policies weakened capacity of public authorities in guiding industrial development,and redefined their role as coordinator and cooperator.