德国制造业竞争优势从何而来?

Where does German manufacturing competitive advantage come from ?

文章实证分析了1990～2011年德国的贸易和技术专业化，采用单位值方法来确定德国制造产品的竞争优势是源于价格还是质量。同时，文章也对德国出口部门的垂直专业化程度进行了估计，对德国、韩国、中国、日本以及美国的相应指标进行了计算，用以衡量全球价值链在提升德国制造业地位中所发挥的作用。结果显示，德国专业化生产中等技术产品，质量是德国产品在国际市场上取得成功的主要因素，而研发是德国制造业产品取得并保持竞争力的因素之一。

German economy has been outperforming than other member countries of the European Union during the Global Financial Crisis and European Debt Crisis. What are the determinants of this result? This paper is dedicated to empirically analyze the trade and specialization pattern from 1990 to 2010 and identify whether the competitiveness of German manufacturing products is related to price or quality advantage by applying the unit value approach. In the meantime,this paper estimate the degree of vertical specialization of German export sector and calculate certain indicators for Germany,the Republic of Korea,the People's Republic of China,Japan and the United States in order to determine the role global value chains play in strengthening Germany's position in manufacturing. The results suggest that Germany is specialized in medium-range technology products and that quality is the main factor for Germany's success in international market what's more R&D is one of the key factors that maintain German competitiveness in manufactured products.