美国长期护理保险体系:发端、架构、问题与启示

The U. S. Long- term Care Insurance System: Inception,Structure,Problem and Enlightenment

美国是长期护理保险出现最早的国家,是补缺型和自由主义福利护理模式的突出代表,其护理保险制度建设经验对我国建立长期护理保险体系有一定借鉴意义。在介绍美国长期护理保险制度产生背景的基础上,本文重点阐释了美国长期护理保险的主要制度框架,分别从社会保险和商业保险两个维度进行了详尽介绍。研究认为美国是商业护理保险的典型代表,其护理保险体系具有混合型制度特质;此外,美国长期护理保险具有多层次、多类型、政府主导托底、公私合作等优势,但仍存在政府财政压力大等问题。在总结美国长期护理保险制度建设经验的基础上,围绕我国长期护理保险制度建设的性质、水平等问题提出了思考和建议。

The United States was the first nationa with long - term care insurance. It is a prominent representative of fill of vacancy and liberal welfare mode, its long - term care insurance system can provide useful experience to China. Introducing the background of the produce of long - term care firstly, the paper then introduces the main framework of insurance, and from social insurance and commercial insurance in two dimensions for a detailed description. Studies suggest that the U.S. long - term care is a prominent representative of commer- cial insurance, and it has hybrid system characteristics. In addition, the United States long -term care insur- ance hase multi- level, multi -type, government -led, public -private partnerships and other advantages, but still has some problem, such as government financial pressure. In summing up the experience of the U. S. long- term care insurance system, some suggestions are provided in the end.