坝上高原发展食用菌产业气候资源研究--以河北省张北县为例

Research about Climate Resources of the Bashang Pateau Region for Development of the Edible Fungus Industry: a Case Study in Zhangbei County of Hebei Province

以坝上高原张北县为代表，收集了该县2003年～2014年间每个月的平均温度、湿度、光照、积温、风力等自然气候情况，比较了灵寿县与张北县2010年的气象数据，分别测定2011年、2012年、2013年3个年度最冷的1月、最热的7月棚内每日白天和夜间的平均温度。收集目前适宜人工栽培的平菇等主要食用菌品种的出菇温度、菌龄、产菇时间等生物学特性。研究提出坝上高原应充分发挥夏季气候冷凉，昼夜温差大，空气清新无污染。光照充足环境好的优势，以香菇、双孢蘑菇为主栽品种，适度发展茶树菇、平菇、姬菇、秀珍菇等品种栽培。以夏季产出优质鲜菇为核心，研究开发增温养菌、防风保湿的设施设备及配套技术。按照生育期短的品种一年栽培两期或两年栽培三期，生育期长的品种一年栽培一期的模式，重点发展错季食用菌，既可满足市场需求，又可带动当地群众脱贫致富，保护和改善生态环境。

Zhangbei county as the representative to the Bashang plateau, the average monthly temperature, humidity, light, accu- mulated temperature, wind and other natural weather conditions in this county were collected during 2003-2014. The meteoro- logical data which was obtained by comparison the natural weather conditions between the countries of Lingshou and Zhangbei showed that the average temperature both the coldest and hottest monthly of the day and the night in 2011, 2012 and 2013 were determined. The biological characteristics, such as the mushroom temperature, fungus age and fruiting should be collected by some mainly appropriate cultivated strain. We should take full advantage of natural weather, the big difference in diurnal tem- perature and fresh air and sufficient environment in Bashang, taking the shitake mushroom and Agaricus bisporus as the main cultivated varieties, the cultivation of Agrocybe cylindracea, oyster mushroom, Pleurotus cornucopiae, Pleurotus geesteranus and other varieties of mushrooms are moderate development. Regard the high summer mushroom quality production as the core, the fresh summer temperature strains, wind proof moisturizing equipment and related technology are studied. According to the pat- tern of growth period shorter varieties cultivated two phases a year or three phases two years, while growth period longer vari- eties cultivated one phase a year, the stagger season edible fungus is the focus of development, which can meet the demand of market, and would lead to local people out of poverty, protect and improve the ecological environment.