澳洲杨(Homalanthus populifolius Graham)种皮气孔的发现与种皮气孔的进化学意义

Discovery and Evolutionary Significance of Homalanthus populifolius Seed Coat Stomata

种皮气孔是一类较少见的生物学特征,是位于种子外种皮表面的一种气孔类型。本文首次报道了分布于澳大利亚的东北和北部的大戟科澳洲杨属植物澳洲杨(Homalanthus populifolius Graham)的种皮气孔,并与其叶背气孔形态进行了比较。同时从国内外种皮气孔的研究历史、结构、发育、生理功能与进化学意义等方面进行了较为系统全面的分析总结,总结种皮气孔在水分吸收与气体交换方面的生理功能,推测种皮气孔可能是叶片结构转变为外珠被后的残存这一结论的可能性,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。

The stomata on the seed coat, a rare character of angiosperms, is reported on Homalanthus populifolius Graham for the first time, which is distributed in northeast and north of Australia. The stomata on the seed coat were compared with those on the leaf. The research history, morphology, development, physiology function and evolutionary implications of this rare character were reviewed. The hypothesis was proposed that the stomata may be the relic of the outer integument as a leaf structure, and the future research direction was prospected.