新疆天山一号冰川地区十种藓类植物叶尖的微形态观察

Micromorphological Structure of Leaf Apex of Ten Species of Bryophytes from No. 1 Glacier of Tianshan Mountains

在光学显微镜和扫描电镜下,对新疆天山一号冰川地区生长的10种藓类植物的叶尖(毛尖)的形态、齿(刺毛)、疣、角质层纹饰等微结构进行观察,其中电镜观察结果均为首次报道。结果表明:10种藓类植物叶尖的顶尖细胞和边缘细胞大部分都是透明的,并且细胞壁厚,细胞腔大;而叶尖边缘内卷、粗糙,细胞壁厚,干时细胞壁上下或侧面凹陷,其上有较多的小孔,这些都是明显耐旱特征,有利于水分的吸收及抵御长期寒冷、反射太阳辐射对其伤害,叶尖的类型对苔藓植物科、属级的分类意义不大,但其微形态如叶尖细胞及边缘细胞的形状、数目、细胞壁的凹陷程度以及其上角质层纹饰、乳突的微形态在同属的不同种之间存在明显差异,对于属下种间的鉴定具有一定的分类学价值。

We recorded the micromorphological structure of bristle, wart and cutile ornamentation of leaf apex of ten mosses from No. 1 glacier of Tianshan Mountains by LM and SEM. Most cells on the top and margin of the leaf apex of ten species were transparent with thick wall and large cell lumen. Margin of the leaf apex was involuted and rough, and the cell wall was sunken with small pore when it was dry. These characteristics shows obvious desiccation tolerance. They are beneficial to the absorption of water, resistance long period cold, and reflection solar radiation. Types of leaf apex have little significance to the classification of family and genus of bryophytes, but the micromorphological structure of wart, cutile ornamentation and cell wall, and cell number of the cells on the top and margin of the leaf apex are obviously different betweeb different species in the same genus.