非慢性阻塞性肺疾病和支气管哮喘的小气道疾病研究进展

Small airway diseases excluding chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma

近年来学者们对于小气道疾病方面的研究逐渐深入和增加，目前认为除了COPD和支气管哮喘（简称哮喘）可累及小气道之外，小气道疾病亦有许多其他的病因。小气道位于外周、直径小于2mm。小气道疾病肺功能以FEF25％-75％、FEF50％、FEF25％下降为特征，胸部HRCT可表现为小叶中心性结节、支气管壁增厚、支气管扩张、“马赛克”征、“空气潴留”征，病理示中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、浆细胞等多种炎性细胞的浸润，某些小气道疾病治疗效果较好：如戒烟治疗呼吸性细支气管炎并间质性肺疾病、大环内酯类抗生素治疗弥漫性泛细支气管炎，但较多小气道疾病仍无较好的治疗方法。

Reasearchers have published lots of papers about small airway diseases recent years. So far,it is think that small airway diseases results from many other diseases except chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma （asthma）. Small airways are in the periphery and its diameter are smaller than 2 mm. Small airway diseasesr s characters are as follows ： FEF25 %-75 %, FEF50 %, FEF25 decreasing in pulmonary function test, centrilobular nodules, thicked wall, bronchiectasis, mosaic pattern of attenuation, air trapping in HRCT, neutrophil, lymphocyte, plasmocyte infiltrated in pathology, some diseases can relieve well after treatment： respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease after smoking cessation, diffuse panbronchiolitis with use of macrolide antibiotics, however, many others without appropriate regimens.