豨莶草与苍耳子毒效实验研究

Experimental Study on the Toxicity and Efficacy of Siegesbeckiaeand Cocklebur

目的以药典记载的菊科、辛味药苍耳子(有毒)与豨莶草(无毒)进行急性毒性和药效实验比较研究,确定两者的毒性-药效剂量关系,为药典中药毒性界定和分级存在的不足提供实验依据,为临床安全合理用药提供注意事项。方法分别制备豨莶草和苍耳子水煎剂,采用小鼠一次性灌胃观察毒性,计算半数致死量(LD50);复制大鼠急性血瘀模型,观察两药的药效作用。结果豨莶草半数致死量LD50=18.0 g/kg,苍耳子半数致死量LD50=18.6 g/kg。豨莶草及苍耳子组均能降低全血黏度及血浆黏度,前者毒性-药效剂量关系比为85倍,后者毒性-药效剂量关系比为75倍。结论豨莶草与苍耳子半数致死量及毒性-药效剂量关系比较无统计学意义,提示药典对有毒药物及无毒药物的界定和分级存在不足,该实验对药典有毒药物及无毒药物的界定提出质疑,也为临床安全合理用药提供注意事项。

Objective To study the toxicity- dosage relation of Siegesbeckiae and Cocklebur through Objective To study the toxicity - dosage relation of Siegesbeckiae and Cocklebur through acute toxicity test and efficacy experiment. To provide experimental basis for the toxicity definition of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） and to provide considerations for clinical safety drug using. Methods Prepare water decoction of Siegesbeckiae and Cocklebur respectively. Lavaging for micedisposable to observe the toxicity and calculate the median lethal dose. Copying acute blood stasis model in rats to observe the efficacy of the two drugs. Results Median lethal dose of Siegesbeckiae is 18, 0 g/kg. Median lethal dose of Cocklebur is 18.6 g/kg. Siegesbeckiae and Coeklebur could decrease whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity. Toxic - effective dose of Siegesbeekiae is 85 times and 75 times for Cocklebur. Conclusion There was no significant difference between Siegesbeckiae and Cocklebur in median lethal dose and toxic - effective dose. The Pharmacopoeia of TCM has shortcomings in the definition and classification of toxic drugs and nonpoisonous drugs. The experiment questioned the definition of toxic drugs and nonpoisonous drugs, and provided considerations for clinical safety drug using.