火龙果与量天尺对岩溶土壤干旱的生理响应研究（英文）

Physiological Effect on Hylocereus undulatus and Hylocereus undatus under Simulated Karst Soil Water Deficiency

近年来火龙果大面积在岩溶区种植,岩溶干旱是否对其生理过程产生影响,对于规划和管理这种热带水果具有重要科学意义。本研究通过试验对比研究火龙果及其近缘野化种量天尺的生理生化过程对不同水分水平的响应,阐明这两种植物的适应干旱机制。结果表明,两种植物随土壤水分下降生理生化变化过程基本一致。随着土壤干旱的加剧,有害物质丙二醛增加,但同时两种保护酶(SOD和POD)和渗透调节物质Pro也随之增加;在相对含水量>50%,保护酶能有效清除代谢毒素,Pro也能通过渗透调节维持水分需要;但是当相对含水量<40%时,保护酶的保护功能下降。叶绿素通过光合作用形成生物量,在相对含水量为70%-80%时生物量最大,此时根冠比小,地上生物量最大;土壤相对含水量为30%-40%时生物量显著下降,两种植物的降幅分别达到73.28%和73.56%。因此在岩溶地区发展火龙果,土壤水分控制在相对含水量为70%-80%为最佳,有利于水果产量的形成;中度水分不足,虽然植物通过代谢调节和平衡不利因素,但却分配较多的生物量到根系,降低地上生物量,从而不利于水果产量的形成。

Dragon fruit （Hylocereus undulates） was planted in a large area of karst region in recent years. To understand whether karst drought may impact on its physiological process is important and useful for planning and management of this fruit. In this study, we contrasted with a relative species Hylocereus undatus, and set up experiment to study physiological and biochemical trait and its response to different karst soil water level deficiency, so as to understand the mechanism of H. undulates and H. undatus in adaptation to karst drought condition. The results showed that, trends of physiological and biochemical response to drought was similar between two species. With the intensive of soil water deficiency, such toxin substance as malonaldehyde （MDA） increased, but meanwhile, two protective enzymes superoxide dismutase （SOD） and peroxidases （POD） and osmotic adjustment Proline （Pro） increase as well. Under relative water content （RWC） 〉50% condition, the enzyme can effectively protect the cells from toxin MDA injure, and Pro can also maintain the water needs through osmotic adjustment. However, under RWC 〈 40% condition, protective enzymes were not enough for cleaning MDA. Biomass was largest under RWC=70%-80%, with low root shoot ratio and high aboveground biomass. Biomass significantly decreased under RWC 30%-40%, which decline by 73.28% and 73.56% in H. undulates and H. undatus respectively. Therefore, RWC=70%-80% would be an optimal soil moisture while developing dragon fruit in karst, which is favor to fruit production. Under moderate drought e.g. RWC=50%-60%, plants may regulate by metabolic process and balance unfavorable substance, but it allocated much more biomass to root, reduced the aboveground biomass, which is not advance for fruit production.