出租车行业特许经营的困境与变革

The Problems and Reform of Taxicab Industry Franchise

特许经营是我国出租车行业的根本特征。面对拒载、罢运等现实问题,既有的矫正措施立足于特许经营体制的强化,忽略了市场竞争性的塑造。经营权特许的公司化倾向与管制措施的潜在引导形塑了出租车公司的行业优势地位,造成了出租车行业利益分配不均,引发了诸多社会矛盾。出租车行业的开放与发展应当立足于政府管制的变革,而非反垄断执法。我们应在重新认知出租车行业性质的基础上,变"管控"为"疏导",从放开行业准入、依法行政和改良管制政策等方面入手,提升市场的竞争性和透明度,构建激励性规制。

Franchising is a fundamental characteristic of China＇s taxicab industry. Facing the problems such as refusing hire and transport strike, the purpose of government regulation is strengthening the franchising system, ignoring the shaping of competitive market. Both corporate operation mode and regulation policy has shaped the market dominance of taxi corporations. The abuse of market dominance leads to unreasonable profit allocation between taxi corporations and taxi drivers,which has caused many social problems. The opening and development of the taxi industry should be based on the reform of government regulation instead of antitrust law enforcement. From control to guidance, based on the recognition of the nature of taxi industry, regulators should start from deregulating the franchising and improving regulation policies, encouraging market competition and transparency, and building the incentive regulation system.