利用微卫星标记分析天山马鹿两个圈养种群遗传多样性

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Two Population of Captive Tianshan Red Deer Using Microsatellite Markers

为科学评价、保护和利用天山马鹿资源,以昌吉市新疆盛华马鹿驯养繁育基地（CJ）与哈密军马场（HM）两地鹿场圈养的53头天山马鹿为研究对象（CJ,n=31;HM,n=22）,8个微卫星位点为分子标记,对其遗传多样性进行分析,并探讨了保持圈养天山马鹿遗传多样性的方法。微卫星数据表明,8个基因座的等位基因数为3-7个,共检测到37个等位基因;盛华马鹿驯养繁育基地圈养种群的遗传多样性水平为：A=4.625,He=0.6398,Ho=0.5887,PIC=0.5851,Ne=2.8357,Fis=0.0338;哈密军马场马鹿种群为A=4.375,He=0.6888,Ho=0.6818,PIC=0.6238,Ne=3.2078,Fis=-0.0175。两地区马鹿种群没有显著偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡。由此可见,圈养天山马鹿种群的遗传多样丰富,但F统计量结果表明,盛华马鹿驯养繁育基地圈养种群个体之间存在一定程度的近交,因此,现阶段圈养马鹿种群的管理重点是避免近交和遗传多样性丧失上。

For scientific evaluation,protection and utilization of the valuable resources of 53 captive Tianshan Red deers（CJ,n=31;HM,n =22）,the genetic polymorphisms of 8microsatellites,analyzed the genetic diversity,genetic diversity and kept in captivity Tianshan Red deer was discussed.Microsatellite data indicated that 8loci alleles were 3to 7,37 alleles were detected.The results showed that genetic diversity of Shenghua domesticated Red deer breeding base were A=4.625,He=0.6398,Ho=0.5887,PIC=0.5851,Ne=2.8357,Fis=0.0338,Hami Red deer farm field were A=4.375,He=0.6888,Ho=0.6818,PIC=0.6238,Ne=3.2078,Fis=-0.0175.The two population was not significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium（HWE）.It suggested that the genetic diversity of the captive Tianshan Red deer from two areas was still higher,however the date of F-statistics indicated that the captive Tianshan Red deer in Changji exchanged individuals resulting to inbreeding.Therefore,at the present,the focus of management of captive Red deer population should shift to avoiding the inbreeding and the loss of genetic diversity.