Voxel体素模型在辐射防护的应用和进展

Development and application of voxel model in radiation protection

当机体接受放射性物质或放射线的主动或被动照射时,不可避免地受到一定的辐射损害。器官剂量和有效剂量是评估机体受到辐射危害的重要指标;然而由于其无法直接测量得到,并且不同的组织/器官对于射线的辐射敏感性不同,引起的放射性损伤程度各异,因此越来越多的研究者致力于开发计算机人体乃至动物体的仿真模型,并结合蒙特卡罗(Monte Carlo,MC)统计软件模拟真实照射条件下受照者的辐射剂量在体内的分布情况。尤其是近年来根据真实机体的解剖数据构建的体素模型的迅猛发展,使得辐射防护研究水平得到较大提高。该模型结合CT断层扫描技术,由尸体的冷冻切片照片数据构建而成,更加接近真实的机体。本文简要阐述了近年来人体和动物体素模型在国内外的发展及其在国内外辐射防护领域的应用,就体素模型在该领域的研究进行了较为全面的综述,并对其面临的科研困境予以深入探讨。旨在指导后续工作能够利用更为逼真的模型更加准确地模拟计算得到真实机体无法测量的实验数据,从而更好地开展辐射防护工作。

The body will inevitably suffer some radiation damages when the body is accepting radioactive materials or radiation of active or passive exposure. Organ dose and effective dose are important indicators to assess the radiation hazards to the body. However, organ dose and effective dose cannot be measured directly, and different tissues and organs show different radiosensitivities, causing different degrees of radiation injury. More and more researchers have been dedicated to develop computational human and animal simulation models. Combined with Monte Carlo （MC） statistical software, the irradiation dose distributions of the body in the real conditions are simulated. The rapid development of the voxel model based on the anatomy data of the real body in recent years greatly improves the research on radiation protection. The voxel model is closer to the real body, beeanse the model is combined with CT tomography and constructed by corpse frozen sections photo data. The recent development of domestic and international human and animal voxel models and their applications in radiation protection were briefly introduced, while the researches on the voxel model were comprehensively reviewed and the research difficulties were deeply discussed in this paper. The experimental date that the real body cannot be measured were more accurately simulated and calculated by applying a more accurate model in the follow-up work in order to achieve a better radiation protection.