水稻异源三聚体G蛋白生理功能的研究进展

Research Progress in Physiologic Functions of Heterotrimeric G Protein in Rice

由α、β和γ3个亚基组成的异源三聚体G蛋白是真核生物中一类重要的信号传导分子,在生长发育中起重要的调控作用。G蛋白通过细胞表面的偶联受体感知细胞外刺激,并由G蛋白传送信号到胞内蛋白来影响细胞行为。植物与动物G蛋白虽然具有类似的分子结构,但植物信号的传递由非典型"自我激活"机制和效应蛋白来完成并控制植物生长发育。综述了植物G蛋白的组成;重点介绍了水稻G蛋白亚基编码基因D1、GS3、DEP1和qNGR9参与激素、抗病、抗逆信号传导及水稻株型控制,粒型和N元素高效吸收利用的研究进展。另外,对G蛋白的偶联信号途径组分和功能、系统生物学和应用方面进行了展望。

The GTP-binding protein（G protein）,consisting of three subunits ofα,βandγ,is an important signaling molecule,playing a key role in growth and development in organism.Through the coupled receptors on the surface of cells,G protein perceives stimulation outside,then delivers the signals to intracellular proteins,thus affects the behaviorof cells.G proteins share similar molecular structures in plants and animals,but signal transition in the former is completed by atypical＂self activation＂mechanism and effector proteins,regulating the growth and development.We review the structures and functions of G proteins,characters and differences in molecular regular mechanisms,and G protein subunits genes of D1,GS3,DEP1 and qNGR9 in rice,which involved in signal transduction of hormone,disease resistance and stress resistance,and controlling of rice plant types,grain types and nitrogen utilization efficiency.Additionally,the coupled signaling components and functions,systemic biology and applications of G protein were also prospected.