地黄化学成分及其药理作用研究进展

Research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Rehmannia glutinosa

地黄Rehmannia glutinosa为玄参科地黄属植物,其块根为常用中药。该植物块根和叶中含有大量的环烯醚萜类成分,同时还存在紫罗兰酮、二苯乙烯、三萜、黄酮、酚酸、木脂素、含氮类、糖及其他类化合物;药理研究表明梓醇等多个成分具有抗心脑血管疾病、神经保护、抗糖尿病及其并发症、抗骨质疏松、增强免疫等多种药理作用。由于中药地黄显著的滋补作用,历来是研究的热点。对最近5年有关地黄的化学成分和药理研究进行综述,为进一步研究提供参考。

Rehmannia glutinosa, belonging to Scrophulariaceae family, is widely distributed in China, and its root tubers are commonly called ＂Dihuang＂ in Chinese. So far large quantity of unique iridoids have been isolated from the plant, together with other types of active principles, such as megastigmas, phenethyl alcohols, triterpenes, flavonoids, lignans, alkaloids, phenolic acids, and sugars. The plant has the significant effects on cardiovascular diseases, neuroprotection, diabetes and its complications, osteoporosis, and hyperlipemia, and the active principles have entitled the plant to serve several different bioactivities including neuroprotective, hypoglycemic, lipid-lowering, anti-oxidant, antifatigue, and immuno-regulation effects. This paper reviews in detail the categorization of chemical constituents from R. glutinosa and their pharmacological activities.