急性闭角型青光眼视神经损害及机制的研究进展

Optic nerve damage and its mechanism in acute angle-closure glaucoma

急性闭角型青光眼是前房角突然关闭而引起眼压急剧升高的一种青光眼类型，在亚洲人中的发病率较高。其引起的视神经损害主要表现为杯盘比扩大、视网膜神经纤维层缺失和视野缺损等。迄今有关其视神经损害机制的研究主要集中在机械压力因素、血管及血流动力学因素、分子因素等方面。一氧化氮、视网膜内谷氨酸水平与Ca^2＋超载、内皮素．1、大胶质细胞活化、自身免疫功能失调可能会导致急性闭角型青光眼视神经损害。

Acute angle-closure glaucoma （AACG） results from anterior chamber angle closed sud- denly which causes an elevated intraoeular pressure, and its incidence is higher in Asians. The manifesta- tions of the optic nerve damages are the enlargment of cup-disc ratio, retinal nerve fiber layer defect and vis- ual field defect. Yet the mechanisms underlying the optic neuropathy remain unknown. It has been focused on the mechanical stress ,hemodynamic factors, and an improved knowledge of molecular mechanisms up to now. Researchers find that NO, glutamate levels and calcium overload in retina, endothelin - 1, glial cell activa- tion, and immune dysfunction may result in the damages of optic nerve in acute angle-closure glaucoma.