进口贸易和FDI的技术溢出效应比较研究

A Comparative Research of Technology Spillover Effect through Import Trade and FDI

从长期看,经济增长主要依靠技术投入的增加。开放条件下,进口贸易和外商直接投资(FDI)是一国或地区获取技术溢出的重要渠道。进口贸易技术溢出效应主要表现为产品技术差距效应、竞争效应、"干中学"效应、技术交流与培训效应等,FDI技术溢出效应主要有示范效应、竞争效应、人力资本积累效应和产业前后向关联效应等。国内经济发展水平、人力资本、国内研发存量和制度等因素对进口贸易与FDI技术溢出效应都会产生影响。政府应重视自主研发和进口贸易技术溢出对TFP的作用,不断提升自主研发能力,改善进口结构和引资结构,加大教育投入以提高人力资本存量。

In the long term,the growth of the economy mainly depends on the input of technology. In the case of opening up,import trade and Foreign Direct Investment are both the important ways to obtain the technology spillover. The technology spillover effect of import trade have some specific performances,such as the gap effect of products＇ technology,competition effect,the effect of ＂learning by doing＂,the effect of technical exchange and training and so on. The technology spillover effect of FDI show up as demonstration effect,competition effect,the effect of human capital accumulation and the effect of industry forward-backward linkages.Domestic economic development level,human capital,domestic RD stock and system,these all have effect on the technology spillover effect of import trade and FDI. The government should attach great importance about the independent research and development and the technology spillover of import trade which is function to the TFP. They also need to improve the independent research and development capacity,improve the structure of import and investment,improve human capital stork by increasing investments in education.