江南渔隐与元代吴镇的渔父词画

Hermit-fisherman in the South of the Yangtze River and WU Zhen's Fisherman Ci-poem and Painting in Yuan Dynasty

渔父的隐士形象源自姜尚、范蠡、严光等典范人物,受其影响最深远的是唐代张志和。张志和首唱《渔父词》,又随句赋象,写景夹词,绘写江南渔隐图。张志和使江南渔隐传统在后世渔父词画中得以继续传承,渔父词传承了他的词风、词境和词旨,渔父图即传承了他的渔隐思想和词画融合一体的艺术形式。在元代的退隐大潮中,渔隐山水成一时之风气,赵孟瞓首倡,而吴镇即是"集以渔父为题一类词画之大成"者。吴镇的渔隐山水画,可分为以山水为主体和以渔钓为主体两种类型,在以山水为主体的渔隐山水画中,多是把渔人、渔舟作为山水画之点缀,仅占画面一角,而在以渔钓为主体的渔隐山水画中,把渔钓作为画卷的主体进行描绘,山水草木反成为衬托,反映了他内心的隐逸情怀。

Fisherman＇s hermit image originated from the cultural model such as JIANG Shang,FAN Li,and YAN Guang. Among them,ZHANG zhi-he in Tang was the most influential. ZHANG Zhi-he wrote the fisherman Ci-poem earliest,and drew the picture of hermit-fisherman in the south of Yangtze River according to the verses. Because ZHANG Zhi-he was a hermit of noble and unsullied character,and his work was deeply rooted among the people,the hermit-fisherman in the south of Yangtze River went down to posterity. The fisherman Ci-poem inherited the style,artistic conception and intention,and fisherman painting inherited the thinking of hermit-fisherman and artistic form of integration of Ci-poem and painting. In the Yuan dynasty,hermit-fisherman painting was popular,ZHAO Meng-fu initiated the painting,but WU Zhen got the greatest achievement of fisherman Ci-poem and painting. WU Zhen＇s hermit-fisherman landscape painting can be divided into two types： the landscape as the main body and the fishing as the main body. The former,the landscape was set with fisherman and fishing boat,only occupied a little part of the painting. The latter,fishing was drew as the main body,landscape,trees and grass served for it. WU Zhen＇s fisherman Ci-poem and painting reflected his inward world as a hermit,and had a major influence on the later generations.