北方地区蒙元墓葬初探

A Preliminary Research on the Tombs of the Mongol Period and the Yuan Dynasty in Northern China

北方地区蒙元时期墓葬可识别为蒙古族人墓葬、"蒙古族化"人墓葬、色目人墓葬和汉人墓葬等四类。能确认的纪年墓多属于蒙古国时期和元代早期,主要是汉人墓。这些墓葬以方形单室类屋式墓为最主要形制,有一定数量的类椁式墓、土洞墓和土坑竖穴墓。其中的汉人墓葬墓室流行装饰壁画和随葬灰陶明器。

Based on the periodization and zoning of the tombs of the Mongol Period and the Yuan Dynasty and referring to the textual materials of the tombstones and epitaphs and the different funeral customs, this paper classified these tombs into the tombs of the Mongol people, the tombs of the ＂Mongolized＂ People, the tombs of the ＂semu ten （miscellaneous aliens）＂ and that of the Han people, and preliminarily summarized the features of the funeral customs of the tombs of the Mongol people, provided references for identifying the tombs of the Mongol Period and the Yuan Dynasty without inscriptions.