基于超效率DEA-ESDA的中国生态效率时空格局分析

Analysis of the Spatial-temporal Pattern of Eco-efficiency Based on SE DEA-ESDA in China

采用改进的数据包络分析法(超效率DEA)计算出中国30个省在不同时期的生态效率,运用全局和局部空间相关分析方法(ESDA)研究中国生态效率的空间自相关性和空间异质性。结果表明:中国生态效率东、中、西区域差异明显,东部发达地区生态效率高,中西部欠发达地区生态效率低;2004—2012年全局自相关MoransⅠ值均为正数,表明省域之间生态效率呈现正相关的空间集聚分布,2004—2012年生态效率的空间聚集程度先略有缩小后加强;区域生态效率的空间异质性主要表现为生态效率的"热点"区相对稳定,主要集中在北部、东部和南部沿海地区,"冷点"区主要集中在东北、大西南、大西北、长江中游和黄河中游地区;生态效率的空间差异与区域经济发展水平、产业结构和能源消耗强度等密切相关,基于空间探索性数据分析方法研究我国区域生态效率的空间异质性,为国家制定提高区域生态效率相关调控政策提供参考。

The eco-efficiency for different regions and periods in China was calculated based on Super Efficiency DEA, and using theglobal and local spatial autocorrelation（ESDA）, the spatial autocorrelation and spatial heterogeneity of eco-efficiency was analyzed.The results are as followed., the eco-efficiency has a significant difference in eastern, central and western areas, with showing thehighest eco-efficiency over eastern developed regions, and the lowest one over central and western less-developed regions; spatial au-tocorrelation analysis shows that Global Moran＇s I were positive spatial correlations among provincial regions in China, indicatingthat there were regions of similar eco-efficiency agglomerated in space, and the degrees of spatial agglomeration first decreased andthen increased. For the urban competitiveness of spatial heterogeneity it can be found that the ＂hot spot＂ areas of eco-efficiency wererelatively stable, in the eastern and west regions , while the ＂cold spot＂ areas were in the Yellow River regions and northeast re-gions spatial disparity of eco-effieiency is closely related to factors such as economic development, industrial structure and energy u-tilization intensity. Based on the global and local spatial autocorrelation, the study of spatial heterogeneity of eco-efficiency in Chinaprovides references for the development of differential regional objectives of eco-efficiency increase and related regulation policies.