全球价值链嵌入的节能减排双重效应——来自中国工业面板数据的经验研究

The Double Effect of Global Value Chain Embeddedness on Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction——An Empirical Study on Panel Data of China's Industries

构建中国嵌入全球价值链(GVC)的节能减排效应分析框架与假说,并利用1999—2012年工业行业面板数据,测算工业行业GVC嵌入程度以及能耗排放情况。结果表明:工业行业嵌入GVC程度整体呈上升趋势;工业节能减排效果明显,并且高、低能耗排放组之间存在显著的异质性特征。实证检验结果显示,GVC嵌入能够推动节能减排,但同时由于俘获锁定效应的存在,导致GVC嵌入与能耗排放呈U型关系;工业R&D整体吸收能力很弱,反而对节能减排存在反向抑制作用。这有利于重新审视中国嵌入GVC价值以及中国节能减排战略。另外,研发强度一定程度上阻碍节能减排;产业结构对节能减排的作用日益不显著;出口密集度越高,能耗与排放越严重;要素禀赋结构的改善有利于推动节能减排;行业集中度越低,节能减排越显著;国有经济比重越高,越有利于减排的实现。

The framework and hypotheses for analyzing the effect of global value chain embeddedness on energy conservation and emission reduction are constructed in this paper. We use panel data including 23 industries from 1999 to 2012 to measure the degree embedding in GVC and emission of industries by input-output tables and formula. Evidences show that the degree embedding in GVC of industries as a whole is on the rise. In addition, energy conservation and emission reduction are obvious and the main driver is the effect of learning by GVC. However, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between global value chain embeddedness and energy conservation or emission reduction as a result of the existence of the effect of capture and lock. The absorption ability of R＆D is very weak, while it has inhibitory effect on energy conservation and emissions reduction. These innovative results are propitious to reacquaint the value embedding in GVC and the strategies of energy conservation or emission reduction. Besides, R＆D restricts energy conservation and emission reduction in some extent. The effect of industrial structure isn＇ t obvious. The deepening of extroversive index would restrict energy conservation and emission reduction. Improving the structure of factor endowment is conducive to energy conservation and emission reduction. The higher industrial concentration ratio is, the stronger effect should be. The state-owned economy can promote emission reduction.