韩国环境应急制度及其启示

Environmental Emergency Response System in South Korea and Its Implications

目前我国环境应急体系不够健全,突发环境污染事件高发频发,借鉴国际环境应急经验,对我国环境风险防范和环境应急管理有重要的借鉴意义。韩国环境应急法律法规详尽,组织体系健全,在化学品环境应急、海洋溢油、水污染等环境应急领域经验较为丰富。文章梳理了韩国的环境应急法律法规,介绍了韩国应急组织机构及其权力和职责,并以水环境危机预警和有毒化合物水污染应急防治过程为例,阐述了环境风险预警等级措施和污染防治措施,最后对比了中韩的环境应急体制,提出职责应更加分明,法律法规应更加细化等建议,对我国环境应急制度建设和完善具有一定参考意义。

At present, environmental pollution accidents happen rather frequently and therefore a sound environmental emergency system needs to be built up. It is of great importance to use the international advanced experiences in environmental emergency management for reference to prevent environmental risks and manage environmental emergency in China. With detailed legal environmental emergency regulations and perfect organization system, South Korea has rich experiences in environmental emergency response in the fields of poisonous chemical leakage, ocean oil spill and water pollution. In this study, laws and regulations related to environmental emergency in South Korea are sorted out, and emergency organizations in South Korea and their authorities and responsibilities are introduced. Crisis warning of water environment and the process of emergency response and control of water pollution by poisonous compounds are taken as examples to illustrate the measures for environmental risk warning grade and pollution control. Then, the environmental emergency response mechanisms in China and South Korea are compared and some suggestions are put forewords for more clear responsibilities and further detailed legal regulations, providing a certain reference for construction and improvement of the environmental emergency response mechanism in China.