基于政府购买的生态服务供给机制研究

Research of Ecosystem Service Supply Mechanism Based on Government Purchase

生态服务是生态系统支撑、供给、调节、文化等功能提供的满足人类需要的福利,合理的制度安排可以提高这种福利水平。基于政府购买的生态服务供给机制,将生态服务供给视为专业性的社会生产活动,从而为分离生产过程与供给过程、引入社会资本、建立竞争机制提供了可能。为保证购买程序的公开、透明,发现生态服务供给的真实成本,应在厘清购买边界、明确购买目标、编制购买预算的前提下,从产出流程将生态服务划分为生态过程、生态产出、生态效益三种类型,并确立以公开招标为主的购买方法体系,同时改革管理模式,引入合同管理。为保障基于政府购买的生态服务供给机制的建立,应建立并完善与之对应的配套制度体系,具体包括:构建集中采购平台、培育生态服务市场主体、规范购买合同设计、构建契约化供给的法律框架等。

Ecosystem services are the benefits to meet human needs, which are provided by the support, supply, regulation and cultural function of the ecosystem, and reasonable institutional arrangements can improve the level of such benefits. With regard to the ecosystem services supply mechanism based on government purchase, the ecosystem services are considered as professional social production activities, making the separation of production process and supplement process, the introduction of social capital and the establishment of a competitive mechanism possible. To ensure the purchase process open and transparent and discover the true cost of ecosystem service supply, the purchase boundaries should be clarified, the purchase goals should be cleared, and the purchase budget should be prepared. Then, from the output flow, the ecosystem services are divided into ecological process, ecological output and ecological benefit. Purchase system is established with priority given to the open tendering and contract management is introduced to reform the current management mode. To guarantee the establishment of the ecosystem service supply mechanism based on government purchase, a matching institution system should be set up and improved, including establishment of a centralized procurement platform, fostering of ecological service market participants, regulation of purchase contract design, and buildup of a legal protection mechanism of contract supply, etc..