不同灌溉模式对小麦籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量的影响

Effects of Irrigation Scheme on Protein Content and Its Components in Wheat Grain

小麦籽粒的蛋白质含量和组分是影响小麦品质的重要指标之一,通过对不同灌溉模式下小麦籽粒蛋白质及其组分积累的研究,可为小麦高产优质提供理论依据。在田间条件下,以2个小麦品种为供试材料,研究了不同灌溉模式(常规灌溉、节水灌溉、旱作栽培)对小麦籽粒产量、蛋白质组分及谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性的影响。结果表明:与常规灌溉相比较,节水灌溉和旱作栽培均提高了成熟期小麦籽粒蛋白质含量,灌溉模式、品种和灌溉模式×品种对该指标的效应呈极显著水平;籽粒蛋白质产量在节水灌溉条件下显著增加,在旱作栽培条件下有一定下降,年份、灌溉模式、品种和灌溉模式×品种均对蛋白质产量有显著影响。节水灌溉显著提高了清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白的含量以及谷蛋白/醇溶蛋白比值;而旱作栽培虽也能有效提高谷蛋白和醇溶蛋白的含量,但其影响小于节水灌溉。节水灌溉和旱作栽培条件下,2品种籽粒GS活性均表现为灌浆前期升高,而灌浆后期降低。

The protein content and its components in wheat grain are considered one of the important flour quality traits.The experiment was carried out to study the effect of irrigation schemes on grain protein components,yield and the activities of glutamine synthetase（ GS）. This information will help to elucidate the mechanisms of protein synthesis in wheat. The irrigation schemes included normal irrigation（ W2）,water saving irrigation（ W1） and rainfed condition（W0）. Compared to W2,the grain protein content increased at maturity,respectively,under W1 and W0 conditions.As for grain protein yield,W1 and W0 led to an increase and decrease,respectively. Genotype,irrigation and genotype× irrigation were significant for protein content and grain protein yield. However,the year factor was only significant for grain protein yield. In comparison with W2,W1 significantly increased the content of globulin,gliadin and glutenin,and glutenin / gliadin,as well as the content of albumin. W0 also increased the content of gliadin and glutenin,but it had less impact than W1. Meanwhile,the W1 and W0 led to an increase at early grain-filling period and decrease during late grain-filling,respectively,in activities of glutamine synthetase.