松花江流域水生态环境质量评价研究

Study on Assessment of Water Ecosystem Quality in Songhua River Basin

采用生物完整性指数（IBI）法评价松花江流域的水生态环境质量。对25个候选生物参数进行敏感度分析、Pearson相关性分析,最终筛选出由总分类单元数、EPT分类单元数、EPT密度、敏感种分类单元比例、敏感物种数量、Hilsenhoff生物指数（HBI）6个核心参数构成的IBI评价指标。采用95%分位数法建立了IBI评价标准,将IBI评价结果划分为5个等级：大于35.84为优,26.88-35.84为良好,17.92-26.88为一般,8.96-17.92为较差,小于8.96为很差。结果表明,建立的IBI评价方法适用于松花江流域水生态环境质量评价,松花江流域各位点30.0%生物状况为优和良好,23.3%为一般;46.7%为较差和很差,说明流域内近一半区域的水生态质量存在不同程度的受损。流域生境质量主要处于一般-良好的状态;水质处于轻度污染。

The assessment of water ecosystem quality in Songhua River basin with index of biotic integrity （IBI）. In this paper, the IBI was composed of six biological parameters： total taxa, EPT taxa, EPT abundance, percentage of sensitive species taxa, quantities of sensitive species,Hilsenhoff biotic index （HBI） ,which were selected from 25 candidate biological parameters in 10 reference sites and 20 monitoring sites by the sensitivity and Pearson correlation analysis. With analysis of 95% percentile, the assessment criterion of iBI was established, and the assessment result of IBI was divided into 5 grades： 〉 35.84 as excellent, 26.88-35.84 as good,17.92-26. 88 as medium; 8.96-17.92 as poor, 〈 8.96 as very poor. The results showed that the IBI was suitable for the assessment of biological quality of Songhua River basin. In Songhua River basin,30% biological status was excellent and good; 23.3% was medium; 46.7% was poor and very poor,which indicated that water ecosystem quality of nearly half of the basin presented varying degree damages. River habitat quality are in general-good conditiono Water quality was in mild pollution status.