太原市0～7岁儿童血铅水平及影响因素分析

Blood lead levels in 3383 children aged 0 to 7 years and related factors in Taiyuan city

目的：研究居住在太原市城区0～7岁健康儿童的血铅水平及影响因素。方法2010—2012年在山西省儿童医院、妇幼保健院儿保科就诊并居住在太原市城区健康儿童3383例，采用问卷调查，以卫生部2006年颁布的《儿童高铅血症和铅中毒分级和处理原则》为判断标准采集静脉血并进行血铅测定。结果5～＜6岁组儿童血铅水平高于其他各年龄组，差异有统计学意义；儿童血铅水平≤50μg／L 的检出率最高，≥100μg／L 的检出率最低；1～＜2岁、3～＜4岁、4～＜5岁、6～7岁组男童血铅水平高于同年龄组的女童。儿童体内的血铅水平与性别、居住环境、父亲有高铅工作、食用膨化食品、罐头食品和乳制品频率以及啃指甲等因素相关。结论父亲的高铅工作、居住环境不好、食用含铅量高的食物和不良的卫生习惯都是导致儿童铅暴露的危险因素。

Objective To examine blood lead levels and to explore factors associated with elevated blood lead levels in children living in Taiyuan city. Methods A total of 3383 healthy children aged 0 to 7 years who came to seek routine care during 201 0 and 201 2 were enrolled.Blood samples were collected and lead was measured according to standard procedures. Results Blood lead levels were significantly higher in 5-year old children than in other age groups （all Ps 〈0.05）.The children whose blood levels were less than 50 μg/L took the biggest proportion,while the children whose blood levels were more than 1 00 μg/L took the smallest proportion.Boys had higher blood lead level than girls in the groups of 1 -,3-,4-,and 6-7 years.Male gender,living in disadvantaged environment,those whose father having occupational lead exposure,consumption of puffed food,high frequency of dairy products,and biting nail habit were associated with elevated blood lead level. Conclusion Father’s high lead work,poor living environment,eating some food having high lead and poor health habits were risk factors of lead exposure in children.