早期气管切开治疗颅脑外伤和脑出血的临床效果分析

Clinical effect of early tracheotomy in the treatment of craniocerebral trauma and cerebral hemorrhage

目的探析早期气管切开治疗颅脑外伤和脑出血患者的临床效果及安全性。方法选择2014年1—6月收治的76例颅脑外伤与脑出血患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组各38例。对照组患者给予非早期气管切开术治疗,观察组患者给予早期气管切开术治疗。观察两组治疗效果、病情控制时间、住院时间、死亡及不良反应发生情况等。计量资料采用t检验,计数资料采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果观察组总有效率为89.47%,明显优于对照组的73.68%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组病情控制时间和住院时间分别为(5.73±1.22)、(9.02±2.01)d,均明显短于对照组的(7.38±1.43)、(13.59±2.21)d,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组肺部感染率和不良反应发生率分别为7.89%、10.53%,均显著低于对照组的31.58%、28.95%,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论颅脑外伤和脑出血患者早期进行气管切开治疗,可以有效改善患者的临床症状,疗效显著,安全可靠。

Objective To observe the clinical effect of early tracheotomy in the treatment of craniocerebral trauma and cerebral hemorrhage.Methods 76 cases of craniocerebral trauma and cerebral hemorrhage from January to June 2014 were selected,ran- domly divided into control group and observation group（n=38）.Patients in the control group were treated with non-early tracheoto- my;patients in the observation group were treated with early tracheotomy.The clinical effect,time of disease control and in hospital, the occurrence of death and adverse reaction were recorded and compared.Measurement data was processed by t test,count data was processed by chi square test,P〈0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results The total clinical effect rate of observa- tion group was 89.47%,higher than the control group＇s 73.68%,the difference＇was statistically significant（P〈0.05）.The time of disease control and in hospital of observation group were （5.73 ± 1.22）,（9.02 ±2.01）d,shorter than that of the control group[（7.38 ±1.43）,（13.59 ± 2.21）d],the differences were statistically significant（all P〈0.05）.The rate of pulmonary infection and adverse reaction of the observation group were 7.89%,10.53%,lower than the control group＇s 31.58%,28.95%,the differences were statistically sig- nificant（all P〈0.05）.Conclusion The use of early tracheotomy in the treatment of craniocerebral trauma and cerebral hemorrhage can effectively improve the clinical symptoms,has an exact effect,safe and reliable.