国民政府主黔时期贵州盐价高的问题研究

The Main Causes of the High Price of Salt under the Governance of Kuomingtang Government in Guizhou

国民政府主黔时期(1935—1949年),贵州盐政问题多多。其中一个突出问题是贵州食盐价格高且曾居高不下。这一问题不仅直接导致贵州人民遭受盐贵淡食之苦,而且还影响了贵州经济社会的健康发展。其主要表现为:加重了贵州人民的经济负担,加深了贵州人民的淡食之苦,限制了部分生产部门的正常发展,导致了食盐走私严重,扰乱了经济正常运行,影响了社会稳定等等。造成这一问题的原因是多方面的,其主要原因有:运入贵州的食盐成本增加,不法盐商为谋暴利而投机经营,贪官为谋取不法利益而营私舞弊,国民政府对盐课以重税的政策等。对这一问题的关注、分析有助于探求近现代贵州盐政的发展演变规律,有益于丰富民国贵州地方经济史、民国社会史、乃至抗日战争经济史研究,并为当前的盐业经济管理提供历史借鉴。

During the period of the Kuomingtang governance in Guizhou （1935-1949）, one of the many problems was the high price of salt in Guizhou and it could not come down for a long time. This problem had led to two problems, one was that people in Guizhou suffered from expensive salt and salfless diet, the other was that it had affected the healthy development of Guizhou＇s economy and society. The bad effect includes aggravating the economic burden of the people in Guizhou, deepening Guizhou people＇s saltless diet, restricting the normal development of some production departments, serious smuggling of salt, disrupting the normal operation of the economy, and affecting the social stability and so on. There were many causes for this problem including the increased cost of salt transportation into Guizhou, unscrupulous merchants seeking profits and speculative business, corrupt officials seeking illegal interests and engaging in malpraetiees, and the national government imposing a heavy tax on salt. Focusing on this problem may help to enrich the local economy and history research in Guizhou at that time, the research of economy development during the period of Anti-Japanese War, explore development evolution of modem salt policy in Guizhou today and provide a historical reference for salt industry economy management.