山东孔林主要植物种群和群落特征研究

The Main Plant Population and Community Characteristics of the Confucian Cemetery in Qufu,Shandong Province,China

基于40个样方的调查数据,明确乔木层径级分布和物种类型,揭示种群特征和种间关联性,分析孔林植物群落物种多样性,评价植物群落恢复现状和演替动态。结果表明:1)乔木层和灌木层的Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数和Pielou指数为黄连木群落显著高于侧柏群落(P<0.05),与麻栎群落无显著差异,其草本层间各多样性指数均无显著性差异;2)乔木扩展种7种、隐退种16种、稳定侵入种2种和随机侵入种3种,侧柏种群明显缺乏Ⅰ级幼苗和Ⅱ级幼树,麻栎种群极度缺乏Ⅱ级幼树;3)造成当前孔林植被现状的主要因素是灌草收割试验,重要原因是景观破碎化、面积效应和环境非异质性。

Based on the data obtained from the survey of 40 samples,we clarified the tree diameter class distribution and types of species,analyzed the species diversity of the plant community in the Confucian Cemetery and evaluated the restoration and succession of plant community. The results are as follows:Firstly,in the tree and shrub layers,the Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Simpson diversity index and Pielou evenness index of the Pistacia chinensis forest are obviously higher than those of the Platycladus orientailis forest( P < 0. 05),but nearly the same as those of the Quercus acutissima forest. In the herb layer,there is no obvious difference among the four indexes( Richness index,Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Simpson diversity index Pielou evenness index). Secondly,there are 7 expansive species,16 seclusive species,2 enhancing invasive species and 3 randomly invasive species. The platycladus orientalis population is obviously lacking in Grade Ⅰseedlings and Grade Ⅱ saplings. The Quercus acutissima population is extremely short of Grade Ⅱ saplings. Thirdly,the main cause of the vegetation status in the Confucian Cemetery is the grass cutting test,while the landscape fragmentation,area effect and non-environmental heterogeneity are also important reasons.