生活垃圾填埋场地下水污染物识别与质量评价

Pollutant identification and quality assessment of groundwater near municipal solid waste landfills in China

基于现场调研和1991-2014年的相关报道,通过累计污染负荷比法对我国生活垃圾填埋场地下水的主要污染物进行了识别;并通过内梅罗指数法和地下水质量评分法对其地下水质量进行了评价,以期为我国生活垃圾填埋场地下水污染的评价、修复和治理提供依据.结果表明：我国生活垃圾填埋场地下水中已报道检出污染物共计99种,同时还有视觉污染指标2种,其他综合性污染指标6种.其中普遍性污染物主要包括：氨氮、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、高锰酸盐指数、COD、总硬度、氯化物、铁、锰、总大肠菌群、挥发酚等;局部性污染物主要包括：总磷、溶解性总固体、氟化物、硫酸盐、细菌总数、铬（六价）等;点源性污染物主要包括：三氯苯、镉、铅、汞、碘化物等,局部性和点源性污染物地区差异明显.我国生活垃圾填埋场附近地下水质量综合评分F值为7.85,属于极差级别,已受到严重污染.

In order to give a basis for the assessment, the remediation and the treatment of groundwater contaminations, the groundwater pollutants from MSWLs were identified by cumulative pollution load ratio; the groundwater quality near the MSWLs were assessed integrally by Nemero index method and grading methods based on authors＇ survey and related reports from 1991 to 2014. The results showed that there were 99 kinds of groundwater pollutants, 2 kinds of visual pollutants and 6 kinds of aggregative pollutants which had been detected. The widespread groundwater pollutants include ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, permanganate index, chemical oxygen demand, total hardness, chloride, iron, manganese, total coliform and volatile phenol; the local groundwater pollutants include total phosphorus, total dissolved solids, fluoride, sulfate, bacterial count and hexavalent chromium; the point groundwater pollutants include trichloro-benzene, cadmium, lead, mercury and iodide. Additionally, the local groundwater pollutants and the point groundwater pollutants are very different in different areas. The comprehensive score of groundwater quality was 7.76. It is indicated that the groundwater near MSWLs had been contaminated seriously in China.