技术进步就业效应的区域差异研究——基于中国东、中、西部地区的比较分析

A Study on the Regional Difference of Employment Effects of Technological Progress:based on Comparative Analysis of the East,Middle and West Regions of China

利用科技力量推动就业,坚持"万众创新,大众创业",是在经济新常态下我国解决就业问题的重要对策。该文基于2008-2013年我国东部、中部和西部地区的面板数据,运用不变替代弹性(CES)生产函数建立模型,对各区域技术进步对就业总量和就业结构的影响进行了实证分析。结果表明,在中部和西部地区,技术进步的就业创造效应大于就业损失效应,表现为促进就业增加;而在东部地区,技术进步的就业损失效应则大于就业创造效应,表现为减少就业。此外,技术进步对各区域就业结构的影响也存在显著差异。基于实证研究结果,文章提出要实行技术进步的区域化战略,在东部、中部和西部地区采取不同的政策来推动技术进步;要依靠技术进步调整产业结构,培育新的就业增长点;并且要坚持"大众创业、万众创新,以创业、创新带动就业增长。

Using the power of science and technology to promote employment and insisting on ＂popular entrepreneurship and mass innovation＂ are important ways to solve employment problems in the background of new normal economy. Based on panel data of the east, middle and west of our country from 2008-2013, using constant elasticity of substitution（CES） production functions to build model, this paper analyzes the effects of technological progress on total employment and employment structure in the three major regions. Results show that in the middle and west, technological progress＇ s employment creating effect is greater than its employment lost effect, meaning that technological progress increases total employment~ but in the east, the result is that technological progresses employment lost effect is greater than its employment creating effect, meaning that technological progress decreases total employment. Moreover, the influence of technological progress on the industrial structure of employment is significantly different in the east, middle and west. Based on the results of empirical research, this paper suggests that we should carry out regional strategy to promote technological progress in the east, middle and west; and rely on technological progress to adjust industrial structure, so as to foster new resource of employment growth; what＇s more, we should insist on ＂popular entrepreneurship and mass innovation＂ to drive employment growth by the means of entrepreneurship and innovation.