要素交换不平等与城乡居民收入差距

Unequal Exchange of Production Factors and the Urban-rural Populace Income Gap

该文基于城乡间生产要素交换的视角,通过构造城乡两部门生产函数,建立了城乡两部门要素交换模型,以分析土地出让、金融发展、劳动力转移和工农产品相对价格对城乡居民收入差距的影响。并且用1998—2012年我国31个省份的面板数据,对城乡居民收入差距的影响因素进行了实证分析。结果表明,土地出让、工农业产品相对价格是城乡居民收入差距扩大的重要因素,农村劳动力转移、城镇化和产业结构升级能显著缩小城乡居民收入差距。在剔除了直辖市样本后,金融发展对城乡居民收入差距的影响显著为正。

From the perspective of unequal exchange of production factors between urban and rural areas, we establish a two-sector exchange model by constructing each sector＇s production functions, and analyze the impact of unequal exchange of production factors on the urban-rural income gap, these factors include land transfer, financial development, labor transfer and the relative price between industry product and agriculture product. Using the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 1998 to 2012, the paper empirically analyzes the factors of urban-rural income gap. The results show- both the land transfer and the relative price between industry product and agriculture product are two important factors enlarging the urban-rural income gap; the rural labor transfer, urbanization and the upgrading of industrial structure can significantly narrow the income gap. After excluding the municipalities in the sample, the empirical results shows, financial development has a significantly positive impact on the urban-rural income gap.