邻近性促进开发区增长了吗?——基于上海市级以上开发区的实证研究

Does Proximities Promote the Growth of the Development Zone——Based on the Evidence of Shanghai

该文运用2008～2013年上海30个市级以上开发区的面板数据，研究了开发区与最近距离开发区之间的邻近性对开发区发展的影响。依据邻近性理论和生态系统理论，城市开发区之间的邻近性表现为地理邻近性、技术邻近性和系统中心性，它们分别从空间分布、产业构成和功能等方面彼此产生影响；在互惠效应和竞争效应的作用下，地理邻近性、技术邻近性和系统中心性与开发区增长为倒U关系。这意味着，在低水平时，邻近性增加，开发区之间的互惠效应起主导作用，有利于开发区增长；在高水平时，邻近性增加，开发区之间的竞争效应起主导作用，不利于开发区增长。基于此，文章提出应当从生态系统审视开发区转型升级和创新发展：在空间分布上，上海市各开发区之间的最佳可达距离应在54公里左右，以形成利于开发区增长的空间体系；在产业构成上，开发区与地理上邻近的开发区在集聚的产业上要有技术相似性，以增强产业集聚效应，形成利于技术知识溢出的产业体系；在功能角色上，要通过邻近开发区之间的功能整合，形成差异化同时互惠的功能体系。

The paper examines the impacts of proximities on the growth of development zones by using a panel dataset on 30 above municipality level development zones in Shanghai spanning 2008-2013. The paper shows that the proximities of development zones to the nearest development zone include geographic proximity, technologic proximity and systemic centrality by combining the theories of proximities and ecosystem, of which explores the inter-zones relationships of spatially distribution, industrial composition and functional role respectively. Under both mutualistic and competitive effects, the paper finds that geographic proximity, technologic proximity and systemic centrality to the nearest development zone have an inverted U- shaped relationship with the zone＇s growth. These non-monotonic results suggest that at low levels, increases in these dimensions serve primarily to enhance mutualism between development zones which beneficial to the zone＇s growth. At high levels of these dimensions, increases strengthen competition far more than mutualism which harmful to the zone＇s growth.